ေတာင္တ႐ုတ္ပင္လယ္က တ႐ုတ္ၿမိဳ႕သစ္ အျငင္းပြါးႏိုင္ငံေတြ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္
အျငင္းပြားေနတဲ့ ေတာင္တ႐ုတ္ပင္လယ္ျပင္က Paracel ကၽြန္းစုထဲမွာ တ႐ုတ္အစိုးရက Sansha ဆိုတဲ့ၿမဳိ႕ တည္ေထာင္ေနတာကို ပုိင္ဆိုင္မႈအတြက္ ဝုိင္းၿပီးအျငင္းပြားေနတဲ့ အျခား ၄ ႏိုင္ငံက သတိထား ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ ေနပါတယ္။ အခုလို တ႐ုတ္ရဲ႕ နယ္ေျမခ်ဲ႕ထြင္ေရး ႀကဳိးပမ္းမႈက ေရပုိင္နက္အျငင္းပြားမႈကို ပိုထိန္းခ်ဳပ္လာ ႏိုင္ေအာင္ အေထာက္အပံ့ျပဳသလို ျဖစ္ေနေၾကာင္း သုံးသပ္သူေတြရွိပါတယ္။ Ralph Jennings တိုင္ေပၿမဳိ႕က ေပးပုိ႔တဲ့သတင္းကို ကိုဥာဏ္ဝင္းေအာင္ တင္ျပမွာပါ။
လူမေနတဲ့ ေတာင္တ႐ုတ္ပင္လယ္ထဲကကၽြန္းစုမွာ ႀကဳိတင္စီမံထားတဲ့အတိုင္း ၿမဳိ့ႀကီးတၿမဳိ႕ျဖစ္လာေအာင္ တည္ေဆာက္ေနတဲ့ တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံရဲ့ ႀကဳိးပမ္းမႈက အိမ္နီးခ်င္း ၅ ႏိုင္ငံစလုံး သူတုိ႔ပိုင္ဆုိင္ပါတယ္လို႔ ဝုိင္းၿပီး အျငင္းပြားေနတဲ့ အဲဒီေဒသ ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ေရးမွာ တ႐ုတ္ကုိ အသာစီးရသြား ေစပါတယ္။
Sansha လို႔အမည္ေပးထားတဲ့ ကၽြန္းၿမဳိ့ကို တ႐ုတ္ျပည္မႀကီးရဲ႕ေတာင္ဘက္က ကၽြန္းေပၚမွာ တည္ေထာင္ ေနတယ္ ဆိုေပမယ့္ လမ္းတံတား ေရ/မီးစတဲ့ အေျခခံအေဆာက္အဦေတြ၊ သဘာဝ ဝန္းက်င္ ကာကြယ္ေရးနဲ႔ ေနထိုင္မယ့္လူေတြရဲ႕ အသက္ေမြးဝမ္းေၾကာင္း၊ လုံၿခဳံေရးတပ္ တုိးခ်ထားေရး စတဲ့ လုပ္ေဆာင္စရာ အသစ္ေတြ ကို ရင္ဆိုင္ေက်ာ္လႊားရမွာျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ တ႐ုတ္ကြန္ျမဴပါတီရဲ႕ ဝက္ဘ္ဆိုဒ္မွာ ေရးထားပါတယ္။
Sansha ၿမဳိ့မွာ လက္ရွိ လူဦးေရ ၁၅၀၀ ေလာက္႐ွိၿပီး ေတာင္တ႐ုတ္ပင္လယ္ထဲက အျခားကၽြန္းေတြထက္စာရင္ လူအမ်ားဆုံးေနတဲ့ကၽြန္း ျဖစ္လာပါတယ္။ ထိုင္ဝမ္နဲ႔ ဗီယက္နမ္တို႔ကလည္း Sansha ႐ွိတဲ့ကၽြန္းအပါဝင္ Paracel ကၽြန္းစုဟာ သူတို႔နဲ႔ဆိုင္တယ္လို႔ ေၾကညာထားတာပါ။ ေတာင္တ႐ုတ္ပင္လယ္ထဲက Spratly ကၽြန္းစု ကို တ႐ုတ္အပါဝင္ ထိုင္ဝမ္၊ ဗီယက္နမ္၊ ဘ႐ူႏိုင္း၊ မေလးရွားနဲ႔ ဖိလစ္ပိုင္ႏိုင္ငံတုိ႔ကပါ ပိုင္ဆိုင္တယ္ဆိုၿပီး အျငင္းပြားလာခဲ့ ၾကပါတယ္။
Sansha တုိးခ်ဲ႕ၿမဳိ့ အစီအစဥ္ေၾကာင့္ စတုရန္းကီလိုမီတာ ၃.၅ သန္းရွိတဲ့ ပင္လယ္ေရျပင္ ပိုင္နက္မွာ တ႐ုတ္ စစ္တပ္ အတြက္ေရာ၊ သုေတသန လုပ္ႏိုင္ဖုိ႔အတြက္ပါ လက္ဦးမႈ ရသြားေစၿပီး ပုိင္နက္ ေၾကညာမယ့္ကိစၥမွာ တ႐ုတ္ကို အသာစီး ရသြားေစတယ္လို႔ စကာၤပူ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ ေလ့လာေရးတကၠသိုလ္က သုေတသီ Oh Ei Sun ကေျပာပါတယ္။
“ႏိုင္ငံတခုက ကုန္တြင္းပုိင္းမွာျဖစ္ျဖစ္ ပင္လယ္ျပင္မွာျဖစ္ျဖစ္ ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕အခ်ဳပ္အျခာ ပုိင္နက္ ကို ခ်ဲ႕ထြင္မယ္ဆုိရင္ ႏိုင္ငံတကာဥပေဒအရ အဲဒီေနရာမွာ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးစနစ္ ရွိရမွာျဖစ္သလို၊ လူေတြကလည္း တကယ္ ေနေနတာမ်ဳိး ျဖစ္ရပါမယ္။ အဲဒီမွာေနသူေတြ က ဘဝရွင္သန္ေရး အသက္ေမြးဝမ္းေက်ာင္း လုပ္ေနရမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါမွ ကိုယ့္ခ်ဲ႕ ထြင္မႈ က ခိုင္မာႏိုင္မွာပါ။”
၁၀-စတုရန္းကီလိုမီတာအက်ယ္ရွိတဲ့ Woody ကၽြန္းေပၚမွာ Sansha ၿမဳိ့ကိုတည္ထား တာျဖစ္ၿပီး ေဆး႐ုံ၊ ဘဏ္နဲ႔ စတိုးဆိုင္ေတြရွိပါတယ္။ ဒီလို ကၽြန္းၿမဳိ့ႀကီးမွာ ကမၻာ့လွည့္ ခရီးသြားလုပ္ငန္း ဖြ႔ံၿဖဳိးလာႏိုင္သလုိ တ႐ုတ္စစ္တပ္ အေျခခ်စခန္း ထူေထာင္တာ၊ ေဘးဝန္းက်င္က ပင္လယ္ျပင္ကို သုေတသန ျပဳလာႏိုင္လိမ့္မယ္လို႔ အကဲခတ္ ေတြ က သုံးသပ္ၾကပါတယ္။
Sansha ၿမဳိ့ စည္ကားလာတာနဲ႔အမွ် တခ်ိန္ အျငင္းပြားမႈေျဖရွင္းၾကတဲ့အခါ ဒီကၽြန္းစုကို တ႐ုတ္က အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခဲ့ တယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ ေနာက္ေၾကာင္း အေထာက္အထားတခုကို ရသြားေစ လိမ့္မယ္လို႔ တုိက်ဳိၿမဳိ့ ခရစ္ယာန္ တကၠသုိလ္က ႏိုင္ငံတကာေလ့လာေရးပါေမာကၡ Stephen Nagy က ေျပာပါတယ္။
“က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ျမင္ေနရတာက - တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ လုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က္ဟာ ႏိုင္ငံတကာဥပေဒ ေဘာင္ထဲ ဝင္ေအာင္ သူ႔ အမႈကို တည္ေဆာက္ေနၿပီး ေဒသတြင္းက အျခား အျငင္းပြား ေနတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံေတြရဲ႕ေတာင္းဆုိမႈေတြကို တျဖည္း ျဖည္း ေမွးမွိန္သြားေစမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါက ဗီယက္နမ္တို႔ ဖိလစ္ပိုင္တို႔ မလုပ္ႏို္င္တဲ့ တမူထူးျခားတဲ့ စြမ္းေဆာင္ ရည္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။”
ပင္လယ္ေရပိုင္နက္ အျငင္းပြားမႈနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ ၂၀၁၆ ခုႏွစ္တုန္းက တ႐ုတ္ဟာ ဖိလစ္ပိုင္ႏိုင္ငံကို ကမၻာ့ ခုံသမာဓိ႐ုံးမွာ ရႈံးနိမ့္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ေရပိုင္နက္အျငင္းပြားမႈမွာ ဗီယက္နမ္ႏိုင္ငံကေတာ့ သက္ဆုိင္ရာ အျခားႏိုင္ငံေတြထက္ စာရင္ ပုိၿပီးအသံ ထြက္တယ္ လို႔ စကၤာပူတကၠသိုလ္ သုေတသီ (အုိ႔)ကဆုိပါတယ္။ ေတာင္တ႐ုတ္ပင္လယ္ ပုိင္ဆုိင္မႈကိစၥကို ဗီယက္နမ္အေနနဲ႔ ထပ္မံေလွ်ာက္လဲသင့္ၿပီး၊ အေနာက္ ႏိုင္ငံေတြရဲ႕ အားကုိယူၿပီး လုပ္ေဆာင္သင့္တယ္လို႔ ဟုိခ်ီမင္းတကၠသိုလ္ လူမႈ သိပၸံပါေမာကၡ Trung Nguyen ကေျပာပါတယ္။
“တ႐ုတ္ႏိုင္ငံဆီက ေကာင္းမြန္တဲ့အျပဳအမူကို သူတို႔ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ေနၾကပါတယ္။ တကယ္လို႔ ေတာင္တ႐ုတ္ပင္လယ္ ထဲ နယ္ပယ္ခ်ဲ႕ထြင္မႈကို တ႐ုတ္က ေရွ႕ဆက္တုိး လုပ္ေနမယ္ ဆိုရင္ အထူးသျဖင့္ တ႐ုတ္နဲ႔ရင္းႏွီးတဲ့ ဗီယက္နမ္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြ အေနနဲ႔ တ႐ုတ္ကို ဆန္႔က်င္တဲ့ အျခားနည္းလမ္းတခု ရွာေဖြၾကလိမ့္မယ္ဆိုတာ သေဘာ ေပါက္လာၾကပါ လိမ့္မယ္။”
၂၀၁၆ ခုံသမာဓိ႐ုံး ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ ခ်မွတ္ခဲ့ခ်ိန္ကစၿပီး တ႐ုတ္ဟာ ပိုင္နက္အျငင္းပြားေနတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံေတြကို စီးပြားေရးအေထာက္အပံ့ေတြေပးၿပီး ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းစြာနဲ႔ ဆက္ဆံလာေနခဲ့တာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ား။
https://www.voanews.com/a/chinese-city-expansion-plans-could-bolster-control-of-disputed-sea/4853821.html
Sansha Islet Key in Beijing's Plan to Control S. China Sea
TAIPEI —
A planned expansion of the biggest city in the once all but uninhabitable South China Sea will strengthen China's control over the waterway, despite rival claims by five governments.
The city of Sansha, anchored by a tiny tropical islet south of the Chinese mainland, will "obtain new breakthroughs" in infrastructure, environmental protection, people's livelihoods and integration of the military, municipal Communist Party Secretary Zhang Jun said March 22 on the city's website.
A population today of about 1,500 makes Sansha the largest city in the South China Sea and helps China control the whole Paracel archipelago. Taiwan and Vietnam also claim the Paracels. The Chinese government spars over sovereignty in parts of the South China Sea's Spratly Islands with Taiwan, Vietnam, Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines.
Expansion of Sansha would bolster China's military and research advantages in the disputed 3.5 million-square-kilometer sea, in turn making its sovereignty claim more convincing, said Oh Ei Sun, senior fellow at the Singapore Institute of International Affairs.
"To strengthen your case under international law that you exercise sovereignty over a stretch of land or sea, you would have to show that you have administration, you would have to show that you have people actually living there and then they are making a livelihood, for example," Oh said.
Growing city
Last year was a "milestone" period for Sansha's expansion, the party secretary said on the city website. He did not announce specific plans for 2019.
Today the city centered on Woody Island covers 10 square kilometers, enough for a hospital, a bank branch and stores. The most developed of any settlement in the sea, Sansha has the "role as both a military and civilian basing and logistics hub," said Gregory Poling, director of the Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative under the Washington-based research organization Center for Strategic and International Studies.
A bigger city will let China expand ocean research at nearby islands, reinforce military installations and develop tourism, analysts believe.
A cruise ship named the Princess Coconut is planned to make two-day journeys, the booking service Chinatravelguide.com says.
Woody Island is already pivotal to Chinese military power in the resource-rich sea, CSIS says. The island now supports an air base, early-warning radar facilities and a surface-to-air missile system, the initiative says. The other claimant countries lack China's military strength.
Bolstering claims
Chinese officials cite historic documents to back their claim of about 90 percent of the sea, which stretches from Hong Kong to the island of Borneo. China and the other five governments that claim sovereignty value the sea for its fisheries, shipping lanes and energy reserves under the seabed.
Growth of the city will give China a "track record" of administration over the islands, said Stephen Nagy, senior associate politics and international studies professor at International Christian University in Tokyo.
The Permanent Court of International Justice considers a continual display of authority as an "effective administrative exercise" in the South China Sea, according to a Cambridge International Law Journal analysis in 2015.
"What we're seeing is China trying to build a case that fits in within the context of international law and erodes the claims of other claimants in the region," Nagy said. "It has the unique capacity based on its ability to build infrastructure in ways that Vietnam and [the] Philippines and other countries in the region can't do."
China lost a world arbitration court ruling to the Philippines over the disputed sea in 2016 because the court disagreed with the legal basis for its maritime claims.
Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam and the Philippines send civilians to the Spratly chain. Other countries' civilian activity lacks the scale of China's, Shinji Yamaguchi, senior research fellow at the Tokyo-based National Institute for Defense Studies, wrote in a 2017 research paper.
"Although China is not alone in using non-military measures to enhance its claims, its efforts are greater than its neighbors' in both scale and impact," Yamaguchi wrote.
Offshore reactions
Other countries will probably say little, though Vietnam might "make noise," the Singapore Institute's Oh said.
Vietnam might just repeat verbal assertions of its claims to the South China Sea, said Trung Nguyen, international relations dean at Ho Chi Minh University of Social Sciences and Humanities. If it feels increasingly pushed out, he said, the government might turn to foreign powers including Western European countries for help, he said.
"They are waiting for goodwill behavior from China," Nguyen said. "I think that if China keeps pushing forward with their territorial expansions in the South China Sea, Vietnamese leaders, especially those who are China-friendly, will realize they've got to find another way to counter against China."
Since the 2016 arbitration court ruling, China has kept peaceful ties with most other maritime claimants by offering them economic support.
https://burmese.voanews.com/a/sansha-island-south-china-sea-/4854760.html?ltflags=mailer
ေတာင္တ႐ုတ္ပင္လယ္က တ႐ုတ္ၿမိဳ႕သစ္ အျငင္းပြါးႏိုင္ငံေတြ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္
https://www.voanews.com/a/chinese-city-expansion-plans-could-bolster-control-of-disputed-sea/4853821.html
Sansha Islet Key in Beijing's Plan to Control S. China Sea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_Islands
Paracel Islands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Island_(South_China_Sea)
Woody Island (South China Sea)
Woody Island, also called Yongxing Island (simplified Chinese: 永兴岛; traditional Chinese: 永興島; pinyin: Yǒngxīng Dǎo; literally: 'Eternal Prosperity Island') in People's Republic of China (PRC) and Phu Lam Island (Vietnamese: Đảo Phú Lâm) in Vietnam, is the largest of the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea (SCS), with an area of 2.1 square kilometres (0.81 sq mi). It has a population of more than 1,000 people, with roads, banks and a "small" (as defined by the FAA and ICAO) air strip. The Paracel Islands are a group of islands, reefs, banks and atolls in the northwestern part of the South China Sea. Woody Island is part of the Amphitrite Group in the eastern Paracels and is approximately equidistant from Hainan and the Vietnam coast.
The island has been under the control of the People's Republic of China since 1956. It is administered by Sansha, a town located on the island.
It is disputed territory and is also claimed by the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Vietnam.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansha
Sansha
Sansha is a prefecture-level city of Hainan province of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is located on Woody island and administers (actually or nominally) several island groups and undersea atolls in the South China Sea including the Spratly Islands, the Paracel Islands, Macclesfield Bank, Scarborough Shoal, and a number of other ungrouped maritime features. The entire territory is disputed, and the PRC's de facto control over the area varies.
Foreign reaction to the declaration was not positive. The United States Department of State called the change in the administrative status of the territory "unilateral", and the move has received criticism from nations engaged in the South China Sea dispute, particularly the Philippines and Vietnam.
Sansha has equal administrative status to a prefecture-level city, and was created on 24 July 2012. Reports in 2012 in the China daily stated that the establishment of Sansha was simply an upgrade of the administrative status of these island groups from the previous county-level Administrative Office, Subsequent developments have turned Sansha city (located on Woody island) into a small town with a small non commercial airport and a small harbor with two sets of breakwaters. Sansha administers a group of 260 islands, reefs and beaches located in the Spratlys (Nansha), Paracel, Xisha islands and Zhongsha islands (Macclesfield bank).
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