သတိထားဆင္ျခင္က်ပါ ဘေလာ့ဂ်ာေတြ!

Credit@ Ko Nge
အခုတေလာက ျမန္မာ့မီဒီယာေတြကို ေတာက္ေလွ်ာက္ ကန္႔ကြက္ေနက် တရားစြဲဆိုေနက်တာေတြကိုေတြ႔ေနရလို႕ ကၽႊန္ေတာ္တို႔လို ဘေလာ့ဂ်ာေတြ မီဒီယာသမား ေတြ ကို သတိေပးခ်င္တာပါ၊
ဒီစကာၤပူက  မီဒီယာေတြမွာ လူတဦးတေယာက္ရဲ႕ပတ္သက္ၿပီး မိမိကိုယ္ပိုင္ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ေတြကို ထိပါး ေႏွာက္ယွက္မႈႏွင့္ တရားစြဲလို႔ရပါတယ္ဆိုတဲ့အေၾကာင္းသတိေပးခ်င္တာပါ၊

စကာၤပူမွာ ဘေလာ့ေတြႏွင့္၀တ္လ္ဆိုဒ္မီဒီယာေတြမွာ သူတပါးခြင့္မျပဳတဲ့  ေပါက္ကရပံုေတြ၊စာသားေတြ လက္သရမ္းမႈေတြ၊တပါးသူထိခိုက္ႏွစ္နာေစတဲ့ပံုေတြတင္ခ်င္ရင္ႏွင့္ ပိုင္ရွင္ခြင့္မျပဳဘဲေကာ္ပီကူးယူတာေတြ (ဓာတ္ပံုေတြ၊စာသားစာပုိဒ္ေတြပါ) လူတဦးေယာက္ရဲ႕ကိုယ္ပိုင္ကာကြယ္ခြင့္ဥပေဒႏွင့္မႈပိုင္ခြင့္ေတြႏွင့္ ဆိုင္တဲ့ အခ်က္ (၃)ခ်က္ေတြကို ဘေလာ့ဂ်ာေတြႏွင့္၀တ္လ္ဆိုဒ္္မီဒီယာသမားေတြ နားလည္ေအာင္ အရင္လုပ္ထားက်ပါလို႔ သတိေပးခ်င္တာပါ၊

မႏွစ္က နာမည္ႀကီးျဖစ္ရပ္မွာတခုက စကာၤပူက ႏိုင္ငံျခားျပန္အရာရွိႀကီးတေယာက္ေဖ့ဘုတ္မွာ လူမ်ိဴးတစု ကို မခံႏိုင္ပုတ္ခတ္ေရးထားတာကို အဲဒီလူထုေတြ၀ိုင္းေအာ္လို႔ အလုပ္ျပဳတ္ၿပီး ႏိုင္ငံျခားကိုထြက္ေျပးသြား ရဖူးတဲ့ဇာတ္လမ္းေတြရွိခဲ့ပါတယ္၊ အေရးယူမယ္လို႔လဲၾကားရပါတယ္၊ ဒါေပမဲ့ အခုထိဘာမွာသတင္းမွ ဆက္မၾကားရေတာ့ပါဘူးလို႔!

 

What if someone defames me over a blog or other forms of social networking media?

wk May 4, 2011 New Media

Are you the subject of cruel comments by a blogger? Have you been victimised by malicious or untrue allegations over the internet? Laws on defamation are designed to protect you against such injustice.

In summary, Singapore has several measures to protect the individual against harm to his reputation. Defamation is a criminal offence under section 499 of the Penal Code. This means that the police can take action and arrest the perpetrator of defamation if there is sufficient evidence of such transgression. For the prosecution of criminal defamation, it must be shown that the defamer intended, or knew, or had reason to believe his words would harm the reputation of the victim.

In addition, defamation is also a wrongful act that can give rise to civil action under the tort of defamation and the Defamation Act. A tort is a breach of civil duty owed to a fellow person, as differentiated from a crime, which is the breach of duty owed to society in general. Under the tort of defamation, written words can constitute libel, while spoken words can constitute slander, both of which can give the victim a right to commence a civil lawsuit against the wrongdoer and pursue either compensation or injunctions.

Defamatory words published over the internet would constitute libel, if the 3 elements described below are present.

1. Firstly, the statement in question must be defamatory. It is defamatory if it lowers the victim in the estimation of right-thinking members of society, causes the victim to be shunned or avoided, or exposes the victim to hatred, contempt or ridicule. For example, if a blogger publishes a post accusing you of being a thief, or a philanderer, the post would be defamatory because it harms your reputation, causing you to be exposed to contempt.In addition, a statement is defamatory if the inferential meaning alone defames, as opposed to the literal meaning. For example, in 1998, Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong successfully sued Mr Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam, when the latter made a loaded statement without directly accusing the former of wrongdoing. Therefore, if a blog post impliedly accuses you of wrongdoing, by claiming, truthfully or otherwise, that you were being investigated by police for crimes, you may have a case against the blogger of the post.
2. Secondly, the statement in question must refer to the victim. For example, a blog accusing one of being a dishonest person, referring to the victim by your name, or posting a photograph of the victim, would constitute reference. The crux is whether the victim can be identified by the words or pictures in the statement. This means that if a blog post accuses an organisation of wrongdoing, and a reasonable person can relate the imputation of dishonesty to you, a member of that organisation, reference would be found. Careless words or inadequate research, leading to mistaken identities, is no defence to the tort of defamation.
3. Thirdly, the statement in question must be published, or communicated to a third party.

However, the maker of the statement can absolve himself of liability, if he can prove that the statement made was truthful in fact.

If the statement is not defamatory but is still very damaging, you may still have grounds to sue the perpetrator, under the tort of malicious falsehood. For example, if a website falsely claims that a doctor has retired, it may not be defamatory, but such words could take a huge toll on the doctor’s earnings.

If you are indeed the victim of defamation, your first course of action should be to make a police report, provided that there is sufficient evidence showing that the maker of the statement, intended, knew, or had reason to believe, that the statement would harm your reputation.

If such intention on the part of the perpetrator is unlikely to be proven, you can alternatively commence a civil lawsuit for defamation. If successful, the court may award you monetary damages, or grant an injunction to force the perpetrator to remove the offending statement(s) from their publication media. You will need to engage a lawyer to do so. Depending on the circumstances, you may also choose to resort to mediation, arbitration, or a private settlement outside of court. If you cannot afford a lawyer, you may wish to apply for legal help here. 

သူရဲ႕မူရင္းလင့္က>>>http://singaporelegaladvice.com/what-if-someone-defames-me-over-a-blog-or-other-forms-of-social-networking-media/

ဒါေတြလူတဦးတေယာက္ကိုကာကြယ္ေပးထားတဲ့ဥပေဒေတြပါဖတ္ၾကည့္လိုက္ပါ>>>
What is a Personal Protection Order?

 မူရင္း ၀တ္လ္ဆိုဒ္က>>>http://singaporelegaladvice.com/

 

အခုတေလာကျမန္မာ့မီဒီယာေတြကို ေတာက္ေလွ်ာက္ ကန္႔ကြက္ေနက် တရားစြဲဆိုေနက်တာေတြကိုေတြ႕

ေနရလို႕ကၽႊန္ေတာ္တို႔လိုဘေလာ့ဂ်ာေတြ မီဒီယာသမား ေတြကို သတိေပးခ်င္တာပါ၊

ဒါကလဲ အခုတေလာက ေမာ္ဒယ္တေယာက္ရဲ႕ သူမရဲ႕ပံုေတြမွာ ေပါက္ကရေရးထားတာကို ကန္႔ကြက္ထားတဲ့ လမ္းညႊန္ျပထားတာကိုေတြ႕လို႔ ႏွင့္သက္ဆိုင္
၀တ္လ္ဆိုဒ္ေတြထဲ၀င္ၿပီးေတာ့ သူတို႕ရဲ႕ဆိုဒ္စာမ်က္ ႏွာေပၚမွာေတြရမဲ့ Admin ထဲက Like ေဘးက Message ေအာက္က Report page မွာ ကန္႔ကြက္လို႔ရပါတယ္၊ အဲဒီမွာ သူတို႕ေမးထားတဲ့ ေမးခြန္းေတြ ေျဖေပးၿပီး ဘာေၾကာင့္ ကန္႔ကြက္တယ္ဆိုတာ ကိုေျပာ ရပါတယ္၊ ဒါဆိုရင္ သူတို႔လဲ ျပန္ဖ်က္ေပးက်မွာ ပါေလ၊

ကဲ! မိမိရဲ႕ေပါက္ကရကပံုေတြႏွင့္စာေတြ ပါေနတဲ့သူ ေတြ စမ္းၾကည့္လိုက္က်ပါအံုး! အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ ေကာင္းဖို႔ေတာ့လိုအပ္လိမ့္မယ္ထင္ပါ တယ္ေနာ္!

အားလံုးလဲသတိထားေစခ်င္ပါတယ္! မိမိဘယ္တုန္းက လုပ္ထားမွန္းမသိ! ၀တ္လ္ေပၚေရာက္လို႔ လူေတြသိက်ေတာ့မွ အရွက္ရတာဘဲ အဖတ္တင္ပါလိမ့္မယ္! အခုေခတ္က ေနရာတိုင္းမွာ လံုုုျခံဳေရး အတြက္ CCTV ေတြ တပ္ထားက်ၿပီး Recording မွတ္တမ္းေတြ ရွိတတ္ပါတယ္ေလ! ေနာက္ၿပီးဖုန္းေတြရဲ႕ကင္မရာေတြကလဲ ပံုထြက္ေတာ္ေတာ္ကိုေကာင္းေနပါၿပီလို႔ေျပာခ်င္တာပါ၊ ဘာမွျငင္းလို႔မရေအာင္ ပံုထြက္ေကာင္းလြန္းပါတယ္၊ အထူးသျဖင့္ ေရႊဆိုတဲ့မိန္းခေလးေတြပါဘဲ! ေခတ္မွီတာႏွင့္ လွပ္လီလွပ္ေပၚတာ မတူပါဘူးလို႔ေျပာခ်င္တာပါ၊ သူေနရာႏွင့္သူ အသံုးျပဳတတ္မွ အဆင္ေျပပါတယ္လို႔! ႏို႕မဟုတ္ရင္ ေဘးကႏိုင္ငံလိုျဖစ္သြာပါမယ္၊ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသားေတြက ဒါေတြဘဲ ထင္ေနက်တာ ေဘးႏိုင္ငံလိုဘဲ ေမးတတ္လြန္းလို႔ပါေနာ္! ဒါေတြလဲ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသားေတြကို အထင္ႀကီးေနက်တာသူေတြ ပိုၿပီးသတိထား က်ပါ၊ အားလံုးက ၀န္ထမ္းေတြပါဘဲလို႔ သူေဌးေတြဆိုတာ လူနည္းစုေလာက္ဘဲရွိပါတယ္လို႔! (အခုလဲ HIV ေရာဂါေတြေၾကာင့္ ေၾကာက္ေနက်ပါတယ္)

 

ျမန္မာဥပေဒမ်ား>>>http://www.humantrafficking.org/countries/burma/government_laws

                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Burma#Media_laws

ဒါကျမန္မာဥပေဒေတြပါဘဲ!

Myanmar patent law by Ko Nge

Credit@ Feb 28,13 & 23:20