ရန္ကုန္ ၊ ဇူလိုင္ ၅
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ စီးပြားေရးၿမဳိ႕ေတာ္ျဖစ္သည့္ လူဦးေရ ေျခာက္ သန္းေက်ာ္ ေနထိုင္ေသာ ရန္ကုန္ၿမဳိ႕ေတာ္၏ ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ ေလထု အရည္အေသြးကို ၿမိဳ႕နယ္အခ်ဳိ႕၌ တိုင္းတာရာတြင္ ေလထုအတြင္း ဖုန္မႈန္႔ ပါဝင္မႈ အတိုင္းအဆ ပမာဏ မ်ားျပားေနျခင္းေၾကာင့္ အႏၲရာယ္ရွိႏိုင္ေၾကာင္း က်န္းမာေရး ဦးစီးဌာန လုပ္ငန္းခြင္ က်န္းမာေရးဌာန ညႊန္ၾကားေရးမွဴး ေဒါက္တာျမင့္သိန္းက The Voice သို႔ ေျပာၾကားသည္။
သန္လ်င္၊ သာေကတ၊ ေရႊျပည္သာ၊ လိႈင္သာယာႏွင့္ ေမွာ္ဘီၿမဳိ႕နယ္တုိ႔တြင္ ၂၀၁၂ ခုႏွစ္ႏွင့္ ၂၀၁၃ ခုႏွစ္ ေမလအတြင္း သုေတသနျပဳ တိုင္းတာခဲ့ရာ၌ သာေကတၿမဳိ႕နယ္တြင္ particular matter PM 10 မွာ 120 µg/m3 ရွိၿပီး လိႈင္သာယာႏွင့္ ေမွာ္ဘီၿမဳိ႕နယ္တို႔တြင္ particular matter PM10 မွာ 102 µg/m3 ရွိျခင္း ေၾကာင့္ ယင္းၿမဳိ႕နယ္မ်ားသည္ ေလထုအတြင္း ဖုန္မႈန္႔ ပါဝင္မႈ အတိုင္းအဆ မ်ားျပားေနသည္ကို ေတြ႕ရွိရေၾကာင္း ၎က ဆိုသည္။
“ေလထုအတြင္း အမႈန္အမႊား ပါဝင္မႈ မ်ားေနလို႔ အႏၲရာယ္ ရွိႏိုင္ပါတယ္” ဟု ၎က သတိေပး ေျပာၾကား သည္။
ကမၻာ့ က်န္းမာေရး အဖြဲ႕ႀကီးက သတ္မွတ္ထားသည့္ စံႏႈန္းမွာ ေလထု အတြင္း ဖုန္မႈန္႔ ပါဝင္မႈ အတိုင္း အဆ particular matter (PM10 ) သည္ 50 µg/m3) အတြင္းသာ ရွိရမည္ ျဖစ္သည္။
သုေတသနျပဳ စစ္ေဆးခ်က္မ်ားအရ ေျခာက္ေသြ႕ ရာသီမ်ားတြင္ ေလထု ညစ္ညမ္းမႈ ပိုမို မ်ားျပားသည္ကို ေတြ႕ရွိရျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ရာသီဥတုေပၚ မူတည္၍လည္း ေလထု ညစ္ညမ္းမႈႏႈန္း ျမင့္ မားျခင္း ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေၾကာင္း ေဒါက္တာျမင့္သိန္းက ရွင္းျပ ေျပာဆိုသည္။
အဆိုပါ သုေတသနကို ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္မွ စတင္၍ ႏွစ္စဥ္ တိုင္းတာခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္ၿပီး ရန္ကုန္ၿမဳိ႕ေတာ္ အပါအဝင္ မႏၲေလး၊ ေနျပည္ေတာ္တို႔ကိုလည္း အလွည့္က် တိုင္းတာေနျခင္းျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း အဆိုပါဌာန ထံမွ သိရွိ ရသည္။
Ref:The Voice Weekly
ဒါကစကာၤကပူက မီးခိုးေတြသတင္းေတြပါ....
Source: NEA
Health Advisory for General Public and Workers
The health impact of haze is dependent on one’s health status, the PSI (Pollutant Standards Index) level, and the length and intensity of outdoor activity. Reducing outdoor activities and physical exertion can help limit the ill health effects from haze exposure. The MOH health advisory for general public and workers provides general advice on the preventive measures that can be taken to reduce the health impact of haze when the air quality is poor. Persons who are not feeling well, especially those with chronic heart or lung conditions, should seek medical attention.
| 24-hr PSI | Healthy persons | Elderly, pregnant women, children | Persons with chronic medical conditions especially lung or heart disease |
| <100 (Good/Moderate) | Normal activities | Normal activities | Normal activities |
| 101- 200 (Unhealthy) | Minimise prolonged** or strenuous*** outdoor physical exertion | Minimise prolonged** outdoor activity | Avoid all outdoor activity If outdoor activity is unavoidable, for adults, wear an N95 mask.^^ |
| 201 – 300 (Very Unhealthy) | Avoid prolonged** or strenuous*** outdoor physical exertion Wear N95 mask if prolonged** and strenuous*** outdoor activity is unavoidable | Avoid outdoor activity If prolonged** outdoor activity is unavoidable, for adults, use an N95 mask.^^ | Avoid all outdoor activity If outdoor activity is unavoidable, wear an N95 mask.^^ |
| >300 (Hazardous) | Minimise all outdoor exposure Wear N95 mask if outdoor activity is unavoidable | Avoid outdoor activity If outdoor activity is unavoidable, for adults, use an N95 mask.^^ | Avoid all outdoor activity If outdoor activity is unavoidable, wear an N95 mask.^^ |
Note: The advisory issued each day by NEA on forecast haze levels will be based on the PSI. However, if PM2.5 levels warrant a higher-level advisory, a higher-level advisory will be issued.
** Prolonged = continuous exposure for several hours
*** Strenuous = involving a lot of energy or effort
^^ The use of N95 mask increases the effort in breathing and may cause discomfort, tiredness or headache. For most people this is not serious.
However, as some elderly people, people with chronic lung disease, heart disease or stroke, and women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy may already have reduced lung volumes or breathing issues, they should stop using a N95 mask if they feel uncomfortable. They should consult their doctor as to whether they can use the N95 mask.
Women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy should not use the N95 mask for more than a short duration each time.
N95 masks are not certified for use in children, so children should remain indoors as much as possible.
Haze problem hits new high in Southeast Asia
Northern Thailand and parts of Laos and Burma (Myanmar) were blanketed by a thick pall of smoke and haze stemming from widespread agricultural and forest fires in March 2012. The haze pushed concentrations of airborne particulate matter to levels considered unsafe and disrupted service at Lampang airport. The pollution is believed to stem from both forest fires and fires that farmers set alight on their fields to prepare for new crops.
The Pollution Control Department (PCD) has found that the amount of small dust particles - or those in the size of PM10 - is already below the dangerous level in most northern provinces after the heavy rain. Before the rain, the northern region had faced smog-related health threats for weeks.
The level of 323.4 microgrammes per cubic metre was recorded yesterday, after two consecutive days of the district developing critical haze pollution of more than 300ug/cu/m. On Thursday, it was nearly 306ug/cu/m. Natural Resources and Environment Ministry permanent secretary Chote Trachu said that at some points the amount of small dust particles in the air above Chiang Rai's Mae Sae district soared as high as 438 micrograms per cubic metre of air.
Late winter and early spring are the dry season in Southeast Asia, where the climate is typically dominated by rainy and dry phases of the monsoon. During the dry season, fires of many kinds are common, including intentional fires—to clear crop residues, stimulate new growth of pasture, or clear forests—and accidental (escaped) wildfires.
The Thai provinces of Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Mae Hong Son, Nan, Phrae, Phayao, and Tak were some of the hardest hit in March, with many seeing particulate levels more than twice as high as the 120 micrograms per cubic meter standard that's considered safe. In mid-March, the situation improved somewhat due to a heavy rain storm on March 11th and 12th. Nonetheless, on March 15th MODIS showed that a large number of fires were still burning in the region. (EarthObservatory)
download large image (3 MB, JPEG, 5336x5780)
In Southeast Asia, fires are common and widespread throughout the dry season, which roughly spans the northern hemisphere winter months. People set fires to clear crop stubble and brush and to prepare grazing land for a new flush of growth when the rainy season arrives. These intentional fires are too frequently accompanied by accidental fires that invade nearby forests and woodlands. The combination of fires produces a thick haze that alternately lingers and disperses, depending on the weather.
This image from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite shows fire activity on March 19, 2007, across eastern India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and China. Places where MODIS detected actively burning fires are marked in red on the image. The darker green areas are generally more wooded areas or forests, while the paler green and tan areas are agricultural land. Smoke pools over low-lying areas of the hilly terrain in gray pockets. The green tops of rolling hills in Thailand emerge from a cloud of low-lying smoke.
According to news reports from Thailand, the smoke blanket created air quality conditions that were considered unhealthy for all groups, and it prompted the Thai Air Force to undertake cloud-seeding attempts in an effort to cleanse the skies with rain. Commercial air traffic was halted due to poor visibility.
NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of the MODIS Rapid Response team.
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