ဒီစစ္ကုိင္းျပတ္ေရြ႕ေပၚရွိ အျခားေဒသမ်ားတြင္လည္း ေျမငလ်င္အႏၱရာယ္ကုိသတိျပဳရန္လုိေၾကာင္း ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ေျမငလ်င္ေကာ္မတီမွအတြင္းေရးမွဳးဦးစုိးသူရထြန္းက ေျပာ ၂၀၁၁ခုႏွစ္ မတ္လ တာေလငလ်င္ လႈပ္သြားၿပီးကတည္းက ေတာက္ေလွ်ာက္ဆိုသလို ေျပာေနပါတယ္ ဒါေပမဲ့ ဘယ္အခ်ိန္ဘယ္အခါ ဘယ္ေလာက္ျပင္းမယ္ဆိုေတာ့ ဘာမွအသိက်မေျပာႏုိင္ပါဘူးတဲ့...
7daynewsjounal မွ-
စစ္ကုိင္းျပတ္ေရႊ႕ေၾကာေပၚတြင္ ယေန႕နံနက္ အင္အားႀကီး ငလ်င္တစ္ခု လွဳပ္ခတ္ၿပီးသြားၿပီ ျဖစ္သည့္အတြက္ စစ္ကုိင္းျပတ္ေရြ႕ေပၚရွိ အျခားေဒသမ်ားတြင္ လည္း ေျမငလ်င္အႏၱရာယ္ကုိ သတိျပဳရန္ လုိေၾကာင္း ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ေျမငလ်င္ ေကာ္မတီမွ အတြင္းေရးမွဳး ဦးစုိးသူရထြန္းက ေျပာၾကားသည္။ ယေန႕နံနက္ လွဳပ္ခဲ႕ေသာ ေျမငလ်င္မွာ ၁၉၅၆ ခုႏွစ္ စစ္ကုိင္းၿမိဳ႕ အနီးျပင္းအား ၇ ရွိ ငလ်င္ႀကီး လွဳပ္ခဲ႕ေသာ ငလ်င္ေနာက္ပုိင္း စစ္ကုိင္းျပတ္ေရြ႕ေပၚတြင္ အင္အား အႀကီးဆုံး ျဖစ္သည္။ မူလက ေျမငလ်င္ျပင္းအားကုိ ၇ ရစ္ခ်တ္တာစေကး၊ ၆.၆ ရစ္ခ်တ္တာစေကးဟူ၍ အမ််ိဳးမ်ိဳးေၾကျငာၾကေသာ္လည္း ေနာက္ဆုံး ၆.၈ ျပင္းအားရွိသည္ဟု အတည္ျပဳလုိက္ေၾကာင္း ယင္းက ေျပာၾကားသည္။ ၁၉၂၉ ၊ ဒီဇင္ဘာလတြင္ စစ္ကုိင္းျပတ္ေရြ႕ေၾကာေပၚရွိ ဆြာၿမိဳ႕အနီးဗဟုိျပဳကာ ျပင္းအား ၇ ရွိေသာ ငလ်င္လွဳပ္ခတ္ခဲ႕ၿပီးေနာက္ ထုိျပတ္ေရြ႕ေၾကာတစ္ေလွ်ာက္ရွိ ျဖဴး၊ ပဲခူး၊ တေကာင္း၊ ေတာင္ငူ စေသာ ေဒသမ်ားတြင္လည္း ကာလအနည္းငယ္ျခား၍ ငလ်င္ႀကီးမ်ား ဆက္တုိက္လွဳပ္ခဲ႕ဖူးသည္။ ထုိ႕ေၾကာင့္ စစ္ကုိင္းျပတ္ေရြ႕ေၾကာေပၚတြင္ ငလ်င္လွဳပ္ႏိုင္ေသာ အပုိင္း ၁၀ခု ၀န္းက်င္ခန္႕ရွိသည့္ အတြက္ ျပတ္ေရြ႕တစ္ေလွ်ာက္ က်န္ေဒသမ်ားတြင္လည္း ေျမငလ်င္အႏၱရာယ္ကုိ သတိျပဳရန္လုိေၾကာင္း ဦးစုိးသူရထြန္းက အႀကံျပဳေျပာၾကားသည္။
၂၀၁၁ မတ္လက ေပၚျပဴလာဂ်ာနယ္မွ -
လူဦးေရထူထပ္ၿပီး အေဆာက္အအံုႀကီးႀကီးမားမားရွိေသာ မႏၲေလး မွ ရန္ကုန္အထိ စစ္ကုိင္း ျပတ္ေရြ႕ တစ္ေလွ်ာက္ရွိ ၿမိဳ႕ႀကီး မ်ားတြင္ ေနထုိင္ေသာ ျပည္သူမ်ားသည္ ငလ်င္အႏၲရာယ္ကုိ ဂ႐ုျပဳသင့္ သည္ဟု ငလ်င္ေကာ္မတီအတြင္း ေရးမွဴးဦးစုိးသူရထြန္းက ၂၀၁၁ မတ္လ မွာေျပာထားတာကို ေပၚျပဳလာဂ်ာနယ္မွာ ေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။
မႏၲေလးမွ ရန္ကုန္အထိ စစ္ ကုိင္းျပတ္ေရြ႕တစ္ေၾကာရွိ ငလ်င္ အႏၲရာယ္သတိျပဳရမည့္ ၿမိဳ႕ႀကီးမ်ား မွာ မႏၲေလး၊ စစ္ကုိင္း၊ မိတၴီလာ၊ ေတာင္ငူ၊ ေနျပည္ေတာ္(ပ်ဥ္းမနား) ပဲခူး၊ ေမွာ္ဘီ၊ တုိက္ႀကီး၊ ခရမ္း၊ သုံးခြႏွင့္ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံရွိ ေဒသအားလုးနီး ပါးသည္ ငလ်င္ဒဏ္ကုိ တုိက္႐ုိက္ ခံရသည့္ေနရာႏွင့္ သြယ္ဝုိက္ခံရ သည့္ေနရာမ်ားခ်ည္းျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္အတြင္းရွိ ျမစ္ႀကီး နားၿမိဳ႕၏ အေနာက္ဘက္ မိုင္ ၂ဝ ခန္႔ေနရာမွ မုတၲမပင္လယ္ထဲ အထိ ျဖတ္သန္းသြားေသာစစ္ကုိင္းျပတ္ေရြ႕ တစ္ေလွ်ာက္ႏွင့္ ရခုိင္ကမ္း႐ုိးတန္း ေျမာက္ပုိင္းတြင္ ငလ်င္ႀကီးမ်ား လႈပ္ ခဲ့ဖူးသလုိ ငလ်င္ႀကီးထပ္မံလႈပ္ႏုိင္ ေျခလည္းရွိေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
Strong quake in Myanmar on 11-November-2012
A magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurred on the Sagaing fault in Myanmar on November 11, 2012. The Sagaing fault is a major fault in Southeast Asia between the India and Sunda (Eurasia) plates. This strike-slip fault (side-to-side motion) is part of a broad zone of deformation that includes the India-Asia collision zone to the north and extension of the Andaman Sea to the south.
Many large earthquakes occurred on this 1200km-long fault during the 20th century: in August 1929 (M ~7), May 1930 (M 7.2), December 1930 (M 7.3), September 1946 (M 7.3 and M 7.6), July 1956 (M 7) and January 1991 (M 6.9). As a result, scientists of the Myanmar Earthquake Committee (MEC) and the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) have collaborated intensively in the past few years to study the Sagaing fault and install GPS stations in the country.
The November 11 earthquake and its four aftershocks (with magnitudes ranging from M 5 to M 5.8) occurred north of the city of Mandalay, along a stretch of the Sagaing fault that had a big earthquake in 1946. EOS director Kerry Sieh notes: “the section from Mandalay northward has experienced several other big earthquakes in the past century, whereas the section further south, which includes Nay Pyi Daw, the country’s capital, has not”. Although the segment of the Sagaing fault from Mandalay to Nay Pyi Daw has not ruptured in the recent past, this does not mean that there is no seismic hazard in that particular region.
Myanmar scientists are already planning a field expedition to document the surface rupture of the November 11 earthquake. Finding the surface rupture is of major importance to fully understand the fault’s behaviour. The search may be difficult as this part of the fault is parallel to the Irrawaddy River and the rupture is possibly in an area where the Sagaing fault is a network of smaller faults. Researchers will also use satellite imagery to try to trace the surface rupture remotely.
Research on the active faulting of this region will be presented at the upcoming annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco on December 7, 2012. (AGU schedule: The coseismic slip of the 2011 Tarlay earthquake in eastern Myanmar: constraints from InSAR and field investigations. Yu Wang; Yunung N. Lin; Soe Thura Tun; Saw Ngwe Khaing; Mark Simons; Kerry E. Sieh, Session T52A-04, 11:05 am)
References:
Wang, Y., K. Sieh, et al. (2011). "Earthquakes and slip rate of the southern Sagaing fault: insights from an offset ancient fort wall, lower Burma (Myanmar)." Geophysical Journal International 185(1): 49-64.
Wang, Y., K. Sieh, et al. (2011). "Earthquakes and slip rate of the southern Sagaing fault: insights from an offset ancient fort wall, lower Burma (Myanmar)." Geophysical Journal International 185(1): 49-64.
Hurukawa, N. and P. Maung Maung (2011). "Two seismic gaps on the Sagaing Fault, Myanmar, derived from relocation of historical earthquakes since 1918." Geophys. Res. Lett. 38(1): L01310.
Wells, D. L. C., Kevin J. (1994). "New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84(4): 974-1002.
Figure 1: Neotectonic map of the region (click map for high-resolution version)
The map on the left shows the main tectonic features around the Sagaing fault.
The map on the right shows major earthquakes since the 18th century. The coloured patches show estimated rupture patches of older earthquakes, while the "beach-ball" symbols show earthquakes recorded by seismometers in modern times. The "beach ball" represents a focal mechanism, which shows an estimate of motion along the earthquake fault. To learn more about focal mechanism, see http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/beachball.php
Credits: Wang Yu et al, 2012. Figure yet unpublished.
The map on the left shows the main tectonic features around the Sagaing fault.
The map on the right shows major earthquakes since the 18th century. The coloured patches show estimated rupture patches of older earthquakes, while the "beach-ball" symbols show earthquakes recorded by seismometers in modern times. The "beach ball" represents a focal mechanism, which shows an estimate of motion along the earthquake fault. To learn more about focal mechanism, see http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/beachball.php
Credits: Wang Yu et al, 2012. Figure yet unpublished.
_SagaingFault.jpg)
Figure 2: Neotectonic map, zoom on Sagaing fault (click map for high-resolution version)
Red lines show the active faults mapped with satellite data (90-m SRTM and 15-m ASTER). Green dots show the relocated epicentres of the Sagaing fault earthquakes throughout the 20th century (Hurukawa, N., and P. Maung Maung, 2011). Grey boxes show the approximate rupture patch of each earthquake, based on the relationship between earthquake magnitude and the surface rupture length (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994). Seismic intensity records were also used to locate the possible rupture area of these historical events (e.g, May-1912, Aug-1929, May-1930, Dec-1930). Red dots are the major cities in Myanmar.
The November 11, 2012 earthquake occurred on a section of the fault that possibly ruptured previously in September 1946. The November 11, 2012 earthquake is shown by the orange "beach ball" symbol, which represents the Central Moment Tensor (CMT) Mwc solution from U.S Geological Survey. The fault-plane solution agrees well with the Sagaing fault orientation mapped with satellite imagery.
NTf: NanTing fault; LHf: Lashio fault; NPf: Nampawng fault.
Credits: Wang Yu et al, 2012
Red lines show the active faults mapped with satellite data (90-m SRTM and 15-m ASTER). Green dots show the relocated epicentres of the Sagaing fault earthquakes throughout the 20th century (Hurukawa, N., and P. Maung Maung, 2011). Grey boxes show the approximate rupture patch of each earthquake, based on the relationship between earthquake magnitude and the surface rupture length (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994). Seismic intensity records were also used to locate the possible rupture area of these historical events (e.g, May-1912, Aug-1929, May-1930, Dec-1930). Red dots are the major cities in Myanmar.
The November 11, 2012 earthquake occurred on a section of the fault that possibly ruptured previously in September 1946. The November 11, 2012 earthquake is shown by the orange "beach ball" symbol, which represents the Central Moment Tensor (CMT) Mwc solution from U.S Geological Survey. The fault-plane solution agrees well with the Sagaing fault orientation mapped with satellite imagery.
NTf: NanTing fault; LHf: Lashio fault; NPf: Nampawng fault.
Credits: Wang Yu et al, 2012
Myanmar earthquake of March 24, 2011 - Magnitude 6.8
| When continents collide, there are far-reaching consequences. A magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck eastern Myanmar, near the border with Thailand and Laos, at a depth of 10 km, at 20:25 local time (13:55 UTC) on Thursday, March 24th, 2011. As of Sunday, March 27, the death toll had reached 104. There is no evidence that this earthquake is related to recent earthquakes in Japan. Rather, the earthquake in Myanmar occurred on an active fault that is part of a broad zone of deformation resulting from the collision of the Indian subcontinent with the Eurasian landmass. The most dramatic manifestations of the collision of India with Asia are the Himalaya, the tallest mountain range in the world, and the Tibetan Plateau, the tallest and largest plateau in the world. However, the effects don't stop there; this collision has been forcing blocks of the Eurasian landmass toward the east-southeast for over 35 million years. Thus active earthquake faults riddle not only the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau, but also regions far to the north and east, toward Mongolia and Beijing, and also to the southeast, through Sichuan and Yunnan into Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. (Figures 1 and 2).  Figure 1. Map of the regional tectonic setting of the March 24th Tarlay (Myanmar) earthquake (Figure modified from Tapponnier and others, 1982). The red dot within the white square shows the location of the earthquake. The white square outlines the area shown in Figure 3. ........................................................... Animation showing the tectonic evolution of India and Asia over the past 50 million years. (Produced in 2002 by Prof. Paul Tapponnier and a team from the French Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique for the exhibition "Himalaya-Tibet: Le Choc de Continent" at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris.) |
ကိုးကားမွတ္တမ္မ်ား.....
Sagaing Eathquake for Myanmar Nov 11,2012
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